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Dominica Botanic Gardens
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Selected Trees and Shrubs
Manilkara bidentata; Syn: M. nitida, Achras nitida; Common name: Balata, Bulletwood, Ausubo


​Plant Family: Belongs to the Sapotaceae or Sapodilla family, which includes Star Apple (Chrysophylum cainito) and Sapodilla(Achras zapota).

Description: Large, slow growing, erect, evergreen tree, reaching heights over 40 m (120 ft.), with base diameter up to 3 m (10 ft), one of the largest trees in tropical rainforests; wood heavy and extremely hard, twice as hard as oak or maple; leaves 5-15 cm long (2-6 in), clustered at end of twigs; flowers white and conspicuous, 1-8 in axillary clusters; ripe fruit yellow or greenish yellow, globular, medium-size, about 2 in across (5 cm), with usually one, sometimes two large, black seeds; tree tends to flower and fruit year round or seasonally; yields balata gum from milky white sap, and produces a heavy reddish brown timber.

Natural Habitat: Wet tropics with rainfall of about 60-160 in; best development in Lowland Rain Forest or Lower Montane Rain Forest; in Dominica, found in northern windswept coastal woodlands; propagation by seed.

Origin and Distribution: Native to Tropical America, ranging from Mexico to northern South America, including the Guianas, Venezuela, Peru, northern Brazil, and the West Indies.

Uses: Fruit edible fresh; heavy, strong wood used in commercial timber industry, including heavy construction, furniture, turnery and flooring; Caribs often use timber for construction; latex produces a nonelastic rubber used in manufacture of golf-ball covers and machine belts.

Indigenous Legends: Reportedly, sap from some species of genus has consistency and taste of cream, and, apparentlv, is used as substitute for cow's milk, but overindulgence said to result in severe constipation.
​
References:
Robert A. DeFilipps. Useful Plants of the Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1998
Dan H. Nicolson. Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 1991
Manilkara bidentata, Bulletwood. USDA Plants Database, USDA, Washington, D.C. n.d. (plants.nrcs.usda.gov)
P. L. Weaver. Manilkara bidentata: Ausubo, Balata. USDA Forest Service, USDA, Washington, D.C. n.d. (na.fs.fed.us)
Species Info - Cherry, Bolivian. Woodflooring International, Burlington, New Jersey n.d. (wflooring.com)
​​Gardens Introduction

​

Preface - How it Began
Introduction to Website
A Brief History
Plan of Gardens 
Contemporary Commentary​
​Trees, Shrubs, Birds

​
​
Selected Trees and Shrubs
Medicinal Plants
​
Gardens Activities
  Florida's Fairchild Garden
Parrot/Animal Sanctuary
Birds of the Gardens
Garden Views

​
​
Three Virtual Tours
Panoramic Views Today
Early Panoramic Views
 
Hurricane David's Ravages
Future Developments
Curators/Administrators
Reports and Documents
  
Getting Involved
Related Links
Sub-sites

​

Honorees
Island Scholars
Cabinet Photos
​​Treasures of the Cathedral

​Diaspora Policy Paper
​

Visit the DAAS  Website
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Copyright © -  Davison Shillingford, Clayton Shillingford and (the late) Raglan Riviere